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Solar Cell Substrate
thin crystalline material sliced from ingot.
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Compound Semiconductors
GaAs and InP substrates
Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
GaAs substrates (compound semiconductors) are used for smartphone power amplifiers and switches, LEDs (illumination, decoration, indicators), and solar cells. InP substrates are used for optical communication modules, etc.
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Semi-auto 4 Point Probe System for Solar Cell Substrate
RG-100PV
*Measurement system for thin film on substrate samples for multi-points measurement*Even pitch and random pitch for Max.1,000 points*2-D/3-D square mapping software for even pitch
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Thin Film Metrology Systems
Gemini Series
The n&k Gemini-TF, Gemini-TF-M and Gemini-FPD are specifically designed for measurements of patterned and unpatterned films on transparent or opaque substrates. These tools are used extensively for solar cell, flat panel and photomask applications. The tools belonging to the Gemini-TF Series are based on unpolarized Reflectance (R) and unpolarized Transmittance (T) measurements, with a 50μm spot size for both R and T. R and T are simultaneously measured to determine film thickness and n and k spectra from 190nm – 1000nm
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Standard Probe Station Chucks & Accessories
In this test solutions section of our website we describe the expanding line of Abet PV IV probe stations for the growing variety of solar cell types and sizes being developed around the world. This page describes a line of vacuum chucks and accessories for top/bottom, top/top, and bottom/bottom solar cells from 3 x 3 mm to 300 x 300 mm. Probe stations for multiple device on a single substrate and multifunction probe stations are described further in the sections highlighted to the left of this page.
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Non-Contact Mapping Life Time System
MWR-2S-3
The device is designed for express non-destructive contactless local measurement of non-equilibrium charge carrier effective lifetime in silicon substrates, epi-wafers and solar cells at different stages of manufacturing cycle. It can be used for incoming and outcoming inspection of silicon ingots and wafers, tuning and periodic inspection of semiconductor and solar cell technology quality. Lifetime determination is based on measuring photoconductivity decay after pulselight photo-exciting with usage of reflected microwave as a probe.
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Cell Solar Simulator
QuickSun® 130E
QuickSun 130E exceeds the ordinary Class A criterions of IEC904-9 ed. 2 with clear margin providing enhanced IV characteristics accuracy. The applicable test methods and procedures are inspected by SGS Fimko Ltd in order to guarantee the compliance and traceability not only with the above standard but also with IEC904-1 ed. 2 which specifies the IV measurement conditions.
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Solar Cell Testers
Solar Cell Testers are integrated systems incorporating Solar Simulator and I-V Measurement systems. PET offers Standard and Advance IV Measurement software. PET Cell Testers are capable of measuring a diverse range of solar cell parameters such as Isc,Voc, Imax,Vmax, Pmax, FF, Rsh, Rs and η cell conversion efficiency, complete light and dark I-V curves. All that needs to be done to test a cell is to load the cell, make electrical probes contact and press “Measure” icon on the I-V Measurement System software. The software will automatically open the Solar Simulator shutter, perform the test and close the shutter after the test is complete. The design is modular in nature and can be easily upgraded. Some options can added at a later time.
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Solar Simulator for Multijunction Solar Cells
For series connected multijunction cells, at a given spectrum (e.g. AM 1.5 or AM 0 for space solar cells), one of the cells will limit the current in the series connection of cells. All solar simulators deviate from the true AM 1.5 spectrum, and they are only classified in wide spectral bands (100nm width). So even for class A or A+ solar simulators, it can easily happen that the bandgaps of the multijunction cells are such distributed that the 'wrong' cell will limit the current, if a solar simulator with fixed spectrum is used. In the 70s and 80s, when these measurements were first developed, intercomparisons showed deviations of cell efficiency in fixed spectrum solar simulators of more than 40%.
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Solar Reference Cell
The Solar Reference Cells consist of a 20 mm x 20 mm monocrystalline silicon Photovoltaic Cell encased in a 92 mm x 70 mm x 16 mm metal enclosure with a protective quartz window and a temperature sensor. Designed for calibrating the irradiance of solar simulators used for testing solar cells and modules.
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Substrates
This substrate allows engineers toperform probe-tip calibration and move the measurement reference point to the probe tips.
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Solar Cell Characterisation
The PVE300 permits the determination of device spectral responsivity (from which may be determined EQE), and, having performed measurements of sample reflectance (and transmittance where required) the determination of IQE.
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Characterization of Solar Cells
Paios
Paios performs a large variety of experiments in no time with one click. Get consistent and precise measurement data, directly compare your results in the measurement software and speed up your research.Increase your research speedCompare your devices directly in the softwareGet highly consistent dataThink about physics - Let Paios handle the rest
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SOLAR CELL TESTER
The tester is designed for terrestrial solar cell incoming/outcoming inspection with the purpose of checking and optimizing parameters and preventing manufacture defects of solar modules. Solar cells are not heated in process of inspection due to the use of xenon pulse lamp installed in the tester.
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Flying Probe Tester Substrate
Substrates with structures down to 10µm and several hundred thousand test points per panel require specific solutions forscanningcapacitance measurementhigh accuracy and temperature Management
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In-Line Light I-V Testing for Solar Cells
FCT-750
In-line, light I-V and Suns-Voc measurements in a single flash at 2400 units per hour. Capability to accurately measure high-efficiency conventional or backside-contact solar cells.
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Solar Cell Simulation
Setfos
Easily calculate the short circuit current, open circuit voltage Voc and fill factor with Setfos. Tweak the layer stack and add light scattering layers for enhanced absorption. Optimize for AM1.5 or specific wavelength bandsElectrical IV curvesCurve fitting & parameter extractionAC simulation and transient experiments like photo-CELIVAdvanced device physics: SRH-recombination, excitons, ... Design anti-reflection coatings or transparent cells
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Solar Simulator
PEC-L15
●Light source/lamp house integrated compact design●Irradiation head rotates (downward, upward, sideways irradiation possible)●5cm square optical filter can be attached●Equipped with high-speed shutter (100ms)●Body weight is only 16kg.
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Solar Simulator
Jiangsu Keyland Laser Technology Co., Ltd.
Features:- Beyond Class AAA performance- Stable continuous working- 8000 data collecting points- Durable flash lamp- Voice prompt- Measuring data export- Customizable for special panels
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Substrate Inspection Apparatus
The test system of the printed circuit board (mounting board) called the flying probe tester developed ahead of the world received high evaluation at the electronics manufacturing factory around the world, securing the top share of the industry and "Takaya of the board tester" We have established a firm position that.
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Solar Stimulator
XHS Series
They are mainly used for the evaluation of solar cells as well as for other types of tests where sunlight needs to be recreated.The continuous light of xenon lamp, the most faithful reproduction of sunlight, is applied in our highly accurate solar simulator, which has been widely sold across Japan and neighboring countries.
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Solar Simulator for Concentrator Cells
Optosolar offers solar simulators with continuous light for small area solar cells (ca. 10mm x 10mm). depending on the cell size, the concentration ratio can exceed 1000 suns. Special designs cover low concentration on large area wafers (156mm x 156mm), as well as line focus applications (e.g. 8mm x 156mm at 8 suns). Flashlight Solar Simulators have the advantage of negligible temperature change to the solar cell. For this reason, they are often used for very high concentration ratios or for multijunction cells in a solar simulator with adjustable spectrum.
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Solar simulators
Solar simulators enable the measurement of (dark and) light IV characteristics and of power and efficiency of photovoltaic An artificial light source is used to create illumination conditions that are similar to those in natural sunlight. International standards hosted by ASTM, IEC and JIS allow to classify the properties of a solar simulator with respect to spatial light uniformity, spectral content of the light and time variation of intensity.
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TEM Cells
Transverse Electro Magnetic (TEM) cell or Crawford cell (named after its inventor) is used to generate accurate electromagnetic waves over a wide frequency range: DC (0 Hz) to GHz., EM waves generated in the cell propagate in transverse mode and have the same characteristics as a plane wave. It can be used to calibrate E-field broadband probes for testing radiated E-field immunity as well as for measuring radiated emission from a product with a spectrum analyzer/EMI receiver.TEM cell generates a consistent electromagnetic field for testing small RF devices such as wireless pagers, receivers, portable phones, etc.
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Solar Array Simulator
Among other things, solar array simulators are required for testing satellite power supplies. An SAS (Solar Array Simulator), consisting of an interconnection of several Solar Array Simulator modules, maps the solar panels and displays the individual strings connected in parallel. Optionally, the individual SAS modules are monitored by a Second Level Protection, so that the test object is not damaged in case of errors with the voltage sources. Additional circuitry is implemented via project-specific test modules. The signal path to the DUT can be separated, e.g. for dynamic current measurements.The Keysight Solar Array Simulators used were specially developed for satellite applications and cover the significantly higher requirements regarding the control speed of MPP tracking compared to terrestrial applications.
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Solar Radiation Sensors
Ingenieurbüro Mencke & Tegtmeyer Gm
The silicon solar radiation sensor (Si) sensor provides an inexpensive but yet robust and reliable solution for measuring the solar irradiance specifically for the monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Due to the structure of the sensor element, which corresponds to a PV module, these sensors are ideally suited as a reference for the monitoring of PV systems to determine the solar radiation.
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Solar Radiation Meter
MacSolar E
The measuring device has been designed primarily for engineers, architects, fitters and measurement technicians. The MacSolar E allows both an indication of the current irradiance as well as an estimate of the solar installation yield.
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Solar Ultraviolet Pyranometers
UVR1-T, UVR1-A, &
The Middleton Solar UVR1 series are precision filter radiometers for measuring solar global ultraviolet irradiance. The UVR1-T and UVR1-A are suitable for air pollution monitoring. The UVR1-B is suitable for biological and human erythema (sunburn) monitoring.
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LED Solar Simulator
LumiSun-50
The LumiSun-50™ is a high power, multi-wavelength LED solar simulator that meets IEC 60904-9 Class AAA for spectral match, uniformity of irradiance, and temporal stability. The LumiSun-50 achieves a spatially uniform illumination field from a chip-on-board (COB), multiple-wavelength LED die array. The field of illumination is 50 x 50 mm at a working distance of 200 mm. The LumiSun-50 includes a driver/controller which individually provides constant current to each die in the COB array. Total irradiance of 1.1 sun units is provided and can be decreased to 0.1 suns. The LED light source of the LumiSun-50 is contained within an air-cooled housing that can rotate the angular beam alignment. Adjustment and setting of the optimum light path working distance is visually facilitated by a converging pair of red dot laser pointers.
