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Modulation
the varying of amplitude, frequency, or phase.
See Also: Optical Modulation, Modulation Analysis, Modulation Analyzers, Modulation Meters, MER
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RF Reference Sources
The 27 GHz 96270A and 4 GHz 96040A Low Phase Noise Reference Sources are designed specifically for RF calibration, featuring a calibration-oriented interface, precision signal level and attenuation, high signal purity and precision low distortion modulation. Both instruments simplify the process of RF calibration by reducing the amount of equipment and simplifying the calculations required.
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RF Generators
RF signal generators are equipment’s used to generate high frequency signals at a particular frequency for testing systems in the lab. RF Signal Generators from the leading manufacturers are listed here. Find signal generators based on the required frequency range, power level, modulation and other parameters. View product specifications, download datasheets and get quotes on parts that meet your requirement.
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Coherent Modulation Transmitter
IQTX
Generating and controlling phase modulated optical signals is easy with the IQTX. The IQTX is referred to as a ‘Golden’ reference optical signal source because of its high repeatability and reliability.Its high bandwidth of 40 GHz ensures high quality optical signal generation, making it the ideal optical signal source for coherent communications applications.
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PXIe-5663E, 6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Analyzer
781339-03
6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Analyzer - The PXIe‑5663E offers wide instantaneous bandwidth and supports RF list mode, which increases multiband measurement speed with fast and deterministic changes in configuration. You can use a PXIe‑5663E as either a spectrum analyzer or vector signal analyzer, and you can use it with the Modulation Toolkit to analyze custom and standard modulation formats. The PXIe‑5663E can perform measurements for a broad range of communications standards such as GSM, EDGE, WCDMA, WiMAX, LTE, Bluetooth, WLAN, DVB‑C/H/T, ATSC, and MediaFLO. Because all measurements are software defined, you can reconfigure the measurements using standard-specific toolkits. With these toolkits, the PXIe‑5663E provides a low-cost solution to high-performance RF measurements.The PXIe-5663E comprises the following modules:• PXIe-5601 RF Signal Downconverter• PXIe-5622 IF Digitizer• PXIe-5652 RF Analog Signal GeneratorThere is no physical device named "PXIe-5663E".
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Combination Module: 2 Ch. MIL-STD-1553 & 12 Ch. Discrete I/O
CM8
The CM8 module is a combination of NAI's MIL-STD-1553B module, FTB, and Enhanced Discrete I/O module, DT4. The CM8 offers twelve channels of discrete I/O and two channels of MIL-STD-1553B communications. The twelve discrete I/O channels are programmable as either input (voltage or contact sensing with programmable, on-module pull-up/pull down current sources), or output (current source, sink, or push-pull) up to 500 mA per channel from an applied, external 3-60 VCC source. The discrete I/O channels also provide additional functionality modes such as Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) output mode and Pattern Generator output mode. The two MIL-STD-1553B communications channels feature a dual, redundant, balanced-line, physical layer; a (differential) network interface; time division multiplexing; half-duplex command/response protocol; and up to 31 remote terminals (devices).
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1310nm Direct Modulated Fiber Optical Transmitter
ONT-8600AS
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai 1310nm direct modulation fiber optical transmitter, adopts high linearity DFB laser of famous brand in the world, and builds-in perfect pre-distortion adjustment circuit and laser APC, ATC closed loop control circuit. All the operating parameters of fiber optical transmitter are controlled by microprocessor, and the LCD screen on the front panel can display relative operating status and the fault information.
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Wideband Active Load Pull
S94572B
The software enables power amplifier distortion measurements under varying load conditions that are controlled across the entire modulation bandwidth. When design verification and robustness evaluation require testing the device away from the optimum loading condition, this application provides powerful insight into device performance and degradation.
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Handheld RF Spectrum Analyzer (HSA), 3 GHz
N9340B
Obtain field-ready performance: portable, rugged, fanless design, clear viewing both day and night, maximum 4-hour batteryGet benchtop performance with 144 dBm DANL, 1.5 dB amplitude accuracy, and < 0.1 s full span sweep timeAchieve powerful measurements: spectrogram, AM/FM/ASK/FSK modulation analysis, AM/FM IBOC measurement, xDSL measurement, and more
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Standard Type Externally Modulated Optical Transmitter
HT8500H
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
1550nm externally modulated optical transmitter is the core equipment in the RFTV network system.RFTV is a unidirectional analogue and digital video broadcast. It adopts high efficiency modulation mode for RF carrier wave and its economy , flexibility and bandwidth validity is beyond comparison of IPTV. By adopting EPON, GEPON or P2P access mode to realize triple-play and FTTx, RFTV broadcasting network in 1550nm optical wavelength still plays an important role.
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Arbitrary Function Generator PXI Card
GX1200
The GX1200 and GX1201 are high performance, single-channel PXI arbitrary waveform generators that combine a function generator, arbitrary waveform synthesizer, programmable sequencer, pulse generator, and modulation generator in one instrument. The GX1200 Series delivers all this at a lower cost than comparable benchtype or VXI-based instruments.
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Optical Modulation Analyzer
Signaling has migrated from simple on-off keying to complex modulation formats such as DP-QPSK and PM-16QAM. Advanced test tools are required to test the latest communication systems for 100G, 400G, 1Tb/s and beyond. Tektronix is the only test and measurement vendor that can offer a complete coherent optical test system from signal generation, to modulation, acquisition, and analysis.
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Modulation Distortion Up To And Beyond 125 GHz
S930713B
S930713B enables fast and accurate active-device modulation distortion characterization under modulated stimulus conditions up to and beyond 125 GHz. The wide dynamic range and vector error correction of the PNA-X results in an extremely low residual EVM of the test setup, delivering you a complete picture of your device’s performance without test system interference. S930713B measures EVM, NPR, ACPR, and decomposes nonlinear signals and linear signals with the spectral correlation between input and output spectrum without doing demodulation. Integration with the PNA-X SCCM provides quick modulation distortion measurements while making other VNA measurements.
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PXIe-5673E, 6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Generator
781340-03
6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Generator—The PXIe‑5673E is a wide-bandwidth module that, when combined with the appropriate software, can generate a variety of signals. With the Modulation Toolkit for LabVIEW, it can generate different waveforms including AM, FM, CPM, ASK, FSK, MSK, PSK, QAM (4‑, 16‑, 64‑, and 256‑QAM), multitone signals, arbitrary waveforms, and many others. In addition, you can combine these vector signal generators with standard-specific software to generate signals for GPS, GSM/ EDGE/WCDMA, WLAN, WiMAX, DVB‑C/H/C, ISDB‑T, ZigBee, and others. With PXIe‑5673E stream‑from‑disk capabilities, you can generate continuous waveforms that are up to several terabytes in length.
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Microwave Wideband Externally Modulated Transmitters (without RF Amp)
MT80 (30KHz~40GHz)
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
MT80 series microwave optical transmitter, adopts external modulation technique, are able to transmit 40GHz microwave RF signal with long distance, wide bandwidth, and flat responsibility. They provide an outstanding linearity fiber optical communication for analogue and digital wideband microwave application. Due to avoidance of using expensive coaxial cable or wave guide, there will be no limitation in transmission distance, which improves the signal quality and reliability of the microwave communication. They can be widely applied in microwave communication system such as remote wireless; timing and reference signal distribution, telemetry, measurement and delay line etc as well as 10Gb/s and 40Gb/s high speed communication system. MT80 adopts low noise, narrow linewidth CW DFB laser as light source; LiNbO3 external modulator as signal modulation, no laser chirp, low dispersion distortion, high extinction ratio, Full-transparency operation mode. It can be applied in long distance and extra-long distance transmission after EDFA.
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PSG RF Analog Signal Generator, 100 kHz to 9 GHz
E8663D
Tackle demanding radar & satcom measurements with metrology-grade performance, including high output power & superior level accuracyUse as an ideal reference in phase noise test systems or for analog-to-digital converter testing with the lowest phase noise in a commercial sourceCharacterize devices & circuits by adding AM, FM, M & pulse modulation to your signalImprove existing test system performance: E8663D is built on the outstanding legacy of the 8663A & is fully code compatible
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Encoder-Modulator
SFT3542H
Hangzhou Softel Optic Co., Ltd.
SFT3542H24 in 1 encoder modulator is SOFTEL’s newest devices which integrate encoding, multiplexing, scrambling and DVB-C/T modulation. It supports 24 CVBS input, one DVB-C tuner input and 128 IP input with Data1 (GE) and Data2 (FE) port. It also support DVB-C/T RF out with 4 adjacent carries (50MHz~960MHz), and support Data1 (GE) output port to support 4 MPTS out. This full function device makes it ideal for small CATV head end system, and it’s a smart choice for hotel TV system, entertainment system in sports bar, hospital, apartment…
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Modulation Analyzer
8201A
The Model 8201A provides precision modulation and audio analysis in a single, easy-to-operate package. Measures AM, FM, PM, carrier and audio frequencies, SINAD, distortion and carrier level.
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Rotating Ring Disk Electrode
RRDE-3A
RRDE-3A is a constant rotation system for use in hydrodynamic modulation rotating ring disk electrochemistry. A 7 mm diameter electrode with short stainless steel shaft provides for a miniature and concentric circle electrode system that is capable for highly accurate rotation and modulation even at radial modulation rates or wave forms.
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E-Series Average Power Sensor
E9300B
Measure the average power of all modulation formats Wide dynamic range power measurements from -30 dBm to +44 dBm Frequency range 10 MHz to 18 GHzLow SWR for reducing mismatch uncertainty Calibration factors, linearity and temperature compensation data stored in EEPROM Compatible with EPM (new N1913A/ 14A, E4418B/ 19B), EPM-P (E4416A/ 17A) and P-series (N1911A/ 12A) power meters
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SGMA Upconverter
SGU100A
The R&S®SGU100A SGMA upconverter offers a frequency extension to 40 GHz. When the R&S®SGS100A and the R&S®SGU100A are connected, they act as a single instrument for both remote control and manual operation. The combined instruments offer the same connections as the R&S®SGS100A: one RF output for the entire frequency range and one analog I/Q input for vector modulation. In this setup, tasks are automatically distributed between the two instruments so that users feel as if they are operating a single instrument.Equipped with the R&S®SGU100A, the R&S®SGS100A covers the entire frequency range from 10 MHz to 40 GHz without modulation, and from 80 MHz to 40 GHz with vector modulation.
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Modulation Distortion For E5081A Up To 44 GHz
S960707B
The S960707B modulation distortion software application provides nonlinear DUT behavior tests (EVM, NPR, and ACPR) under modulated stimulus conditions.
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NI-9470, 5 VDC to 30 VDC, 8-Channel (Sourcing Output), 2 kHz C Series Digital Module
787089-01
5 VDC to 30 VDC, 8-Channel (Sourcing Output), 2 kHz C Series Digital Module - The NI‑9470 is a digital output module that features proportional valve drive control. You can use the NI-9470 to perform pulse width modulation (PWM), dither control, and current readback. The NI‑9470 features eight output channels compatible with signals from 5 V to 30 V and transient overvoltage protection between the output channels and the backplane.
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RF Adapter Module For FlexRIO
RF Adapter Modules for FlexRIO feature frequency coverage from 200 MHz to 4.4 GHz, with up to 200 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. When paired with a PXI FPGA Module for FlexRIO or the Controller for FlexRIO, you can program the FPGA using LabVIEW to implement custom signal processing, including modulation and demodulation, channel emulation, spectral analysis, and even closed-loop control. These modules are all based on a direct conversion architecture and feature an onboard local-oscillator which can be shared with adjacent modules for synchronization. RF adapter modules also provide digital I/O capability for interfacing with external hardware.
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Shuttle Bus PMC Intelligent Interface Card
IIB-SB-PMC
The Shuttle Bus PMC is an intelligent interface card providing all Launch Data Bus, Ground Data Bus, Multiplex De-Multiplex Multiple Remote Terminal, and Ground Data Bus (GDB)capability to the Shuttle Bus, together with a Pulse Code Modulation Mode. This card provides all features and functions required in a PMC platform, withSimplex & Half-Duplex modes provided. Specific operational modes provided include for LDB_BCT, LDB_MRT, GDB_BCT, GDB_MRT, BUS_MON, MDM_MRT, Primitive and Calibration modes.
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RF SCOE System
RF SCOE Systems require fast yet reconfigurable data processing as well as RF Modulation capabilities.For which FPGA Cards inside the PXI Frames are well suited.
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PXIe-5673E, 6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Generator
781263-01
6.6 GHz PXI Vector Signal Generator—The PXIe‑5673E is a wide-bandwidth module that, when combined with the appropriate software, can generate a variety of signals. With the Modulation Toolkit for LabVIEW, it can generate different waveforms including AM, FM, CPM, ASK, FSK, MSK, PSK, QAM (4‑, 16‑, 64‑, and 256‑QAM), multitone signals, arbitrary waveforms, and many others. In addition, you can combine these vector signal generators with standard-specific software to generate signals for GPS, GSM/ EDGE/WCDMA, WLAN, WiMAX, DVB‑C/H/C, ISDB‑T, ZigBee, and others. With PXIe‑5673E stream‑from‑disk capabilities, you can generate continuous waveforms that are up to several terabytes in length.
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Vector Signal Generator
VSG25A
The VSG25A is a 100 MHz to 2.5 GHz vector signal generator, featuring a 12-bit I/Q baseband arbitrary waveform generator which can be clocked at virtually any frequency from 54 kHz to 180 MHz, and includes a 4096×16 bit pattern buffer for built-in or custom modulation.
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Multi-standard Cable/terrestrial Modulator For PCIe
DTA-2111
DekTec's PCIe modulator for most QAM-, OFDM- and VSB-based modulation standards. The DTA-2111 has a programmable output level with excellent signal quality due to digital upconversion.
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Pacific Power Source line
ACX Series
Power conversion is achieved by high frequency pulse width modulation, resulting in cool, quiet and efficient operation. The 118-ACX is ideal for AC test, frequency conversion, laboratory and bench-power applications. Equipped with the UPC-1 programmable controller, the 118-ACX becomes a powerful AC Power Source and Power Analyzer for today's testing needs.
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PXIe-5672, 2.7 GHz, 20 MHz Bandwidth Digital Upconverter Included, PXI Vector Signal Generator
779900-01
2.7 GHz, 20 MHz Bandwidth Digital Upconverter Included, PXI Vector Signal Generator —The PXIe‑5672 features quadrature digital upconversion, which reduces waveform download and signal generation time. It is a general-purpose vector signal generator that can generate standard modulation formats such as AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, MSK, GMSK, PSK, QPSK, PAM, and QAM. The PXIe‑5672 delivers a highly flexible and powerful solution for scientific research, consumer electronics, communications, aerospace/defense, and semiconductor test applications as well as emerging areas including software defined radio, radio frequency identification (RFID), and wireless sensor networks. For specific communications standards, you can use various software add-ons to generate modulated signals according to standards such as WCDMA, DVB‑H, and ZigBee.
