Intermodulation
Two different rf signals whose interaction results in the forming of nonlinear spurious emissions.
See Also: Intermodulation Distortion
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Low Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Coaxial Switches
Low Passive Intermodulation (PIM) Coaxial Switches
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Intermodulation Distortion Measurements
S96087B
Easily set up and calibrate swept intermodulation distortion measurements (IMD) measurements using the S96087B software application with the ENA
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Intermodulation Distortion Measurements
S93087B
The S93087B intermodulation distortion (IMD) measurement makes it very easy to set-up and calibrate swept IMD measurements with a spectrum-analyzer-like display. Not available with Option 200, 210, 400 and 410.
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Materials Lab XM
The Materials Lab XM product provides a fully integrated reference grade time domain and AC measurement platform. No need to switch sample connections between techniques. Time domain measurements include I-V (current voltage) characterization as well as fast pulse techniques. AC testing techniques include everything from single-sine analysis, to multisine / Fast Fourier Transform for faster low frequency analysis, to harmonics and intermodulation for testing linearity and breakdown of materials. Measurements of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), admittance, permittivity and capacitance are all provided from the XM-studio MTS software platform, together with integrated equivalent circuit analysis functionality.
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47~862MHz AGC FTTP CATV Optical Receiver
P9128G
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai P9128G, operating bandwidth of 47 ~ 862MHz, with AGC function (Pin = + 2 ~ -8dBm, Vo = 88dBμV), is a suitable for low-power fiber to the home (FTTH) applications, high-performance, cost-effective CATV optical receiver. Whether the machine is used analog television or digital television, have high reception sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion index.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 4 GHz, SP6T
87106P
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87106P is a low PIM SP6T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 4 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
783126-02
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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PXIe Digitizer: 500 MSa/s, 14 bit, 200 MHz
M3102A
The M3102A PXIe digitizer is ideal for general purpose digitizer automated test requirements. It offers high channel density with an advanced data acquisition systems (DAQ). The optional real-time sequencing, inter-module synchronization, and graphical FPGA programming software tools expand its capability to enable a number of solutions including angle of arrival (AoA), baseband electronics designs, wireless device manufacturing and multi-channel coherent signal acquisition.
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Antenna, Wideband Discone
EM-6115 | 10 KHz – 2 GHz
The EM-6115 is a broad band collinear array allowing very wide Omni-Directional frequency coverage in a single package. Below approximately 100 MHz, the EM-6115 acts as an active vertical rod which offers 10 to 12 dB Greater unsaturated instantaneous dynamic range than competitive antennas (overload field strength: 2 V/meter) which greatly reduces intermodulation generated signals in a typical read world RF environment. In the congested spectrum above 100 MHz the antenna is passive and contributes no intermodulation products so the overload point is determined solely by the receiving instrument. This immunity to overload can often make the difference between useful signal output and an indecipherable jumble of spurious products and is accomplished without compromising sensitivity. The antenna collapses for convenient storage and transport.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 4 GHz, SP4T
87104P
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87104P is a low PIM SP4T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 4 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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PXIe Digitizer: 100 MSa/s, 14 bit, 100 MHz
M3100A
The M3100A PXIe digitizer is ideal for general purpose digitizer automated test requirements. It offers high channel density with an advanced data acquisition systems (DAQ). The optional real-time sequencing, inter-module synchronization, and graphical FPGA programming software tools expand its capability to enable a number of solutions including angle of arrival (AoA), baseband electronics designs, wireless device manufacturing and multi-channel coherent signal acquisition.
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PIM Testing
Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG
Passive Intermodulation (PIM) is a non-linear response of two or more signals of different frequencies mixing together in a passive device, e.g., antenna, cable, con- nector or splitter. Today, PIM has become a very serious, and challenging issue for mobile operators, equipment vendors, and component manufacturers due to frequency planning in modern communication networks, the usage of high-power transmitters and the usage of more sensitive receivers in base stations. If a PIM with sufficient magnitude generated from a transmitter falls within an adjacent receiver channel, it causes serious interfe- rences to the base station receiver and will significantly degrade the network quality of service.
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Intermodulation Distortion Measurements For P50xxA/B Streamline Series VNA
S97087B
Easily set up and calibrate swept intermodulation distortion measurements (IMD) measurements using the S97087B software application with the P50xxA/B Streamline Series VNA
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Audio Generator
AG-51
The AG-51 Audio Generator contains a low distortion 20 Hz to 200 kHz sine wave generator, an SMPTE standard intermodulation signal generator and a fixed frequency sine wave generator at 3.15 kHz for wow and flutter tests. Signal outputs are simultaneously available at levels of up to +20 dBm (equivalent sine wave power for complex signals) at separate left (L OUT) and right (R OUT) output connectors. Outputs may be selected for left (L) only, right (R) only, left and right in phase (L+R), and left and right in phase opposition (L-R). Fully balanced or unbalanced outputs at impedance levels 150 ohms or 600 ohms are front panel selectable. Three precision attenuators (10, 1.0 and 0.1 dB) provide a dynamic range of 99.9 dB in 0.1 dB steps. Attenuator dials display the output level directly in dBm in the 150 ohm source impedance configuration. Automatic output leveling circuitry with a built-in self-test feature provides a constant output level thereby eliminating the need for output metering. In the TEST mode the generator output level is reduced to zero, a useful feature during noise measurements.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 20 GHz, SP4T
87104Q
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87104Q is a low PIM SP4T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 20 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 20 GHz, Matrix
87606Q
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87606Q is a low PIM matrix coaxial switch, operating from DC to 20 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Dual Channel Mini-SAS I/O FMC
FM550
Sundance Multiprocessor Technology Ltd.
The FM550 is an I/O module equipped with two external mini-SAS x4 connectors. I/O FMCs of this sort are typically used to provide inter-module connectivity via the front-panels of carrier cards fitted with similar interfaces, or fan-out to multiple external devices such as mini-SAS drives.
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47~862MHz AGC FTTH Digital TV Low Optical Receiver
H9122LG
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai H9122LG, operating bandwidth of 47~ 862MHz, is a suitable digital television FTTH applications, ultra-low optical receiver, Whether the machine is used analog television or digital television, have high reception sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion index.. Due to the built-in optical AGC, at high optical power receiver, played limiting output, so H9122LG in the received optical power over a large dynamic range of +2 dBm ~-21dBm, and have excellent properties.
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47~862MHz FTTP High Output CATV Optical Receiver
P9134
Hangzhou Huatai Optic Tech. Co., Ltd.
Huatai P9134, operating bandwidth of 47 ~ 862MHz, regardless of the aircraft used for analog TV or digital TV, both with high receiver sensitivity and excellent intermodulation distortion indicators. At high optical power receiver can adjust the level by PAD, played limiting output, so P9134 at +2 dBm ~-20dBm received optical power of large dynamic the range, have excellent properties:
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2-port Battery Portable Passive Intermodulation Analyzer - iXA Series
iXA
The Kaelus iXA Series Passive Intermodulation (PIM) analyzer is a dual-port, battery powered PIM Test Analyzer. It supports multiple test scenarios such as testing at the top of the tower, the base of the tower, rooftop, in-building for DAS systems and external PIM Finding.No other PIM tester has ever been integrated to this level! The iXA includes a network of electronic switches to change from one-port to two-port measurement seamlessly. In addition, with integrated Range-to-Fault (RTF) on each port, the user can first troubleshoot the system for internal PIM. Then, without reconnection, the user can progress with the external PIM process, making the entire process much more efficient.With integrated RTF on each port, the user can collect four times more range-to-fault data than the standard 1-port PIM Finder solution. Thus, the user can easily locate and swiftly eliminate the strongest PIM source.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 20 GHz, Matrix
87406Q
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87406Q is a low PIM matrix coaxial switch, operating from DC to 20 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 26.5 GHz, SP4T
87104R
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87104R is a low PIM SP4T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 26.5 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Power Divider, DC to 50 GHz
11636C
The Keysight 11636C is a DC to 50 GHz power divider that provides highly accurate direct power dividing and combining. Excellent phase and amplitude tracking ensure accurate impedance matching of all three ports, which improves the fault location measurement by reducing re-reflections and intermodulation distortion.
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Active Antenna Combiner
M2C
The M2C active antenna combiner is designed as an ideal matching component to Lectrosonics digital transmitters. Up to eight transmitters can feed a single antenna to minimize cabling in multi-channel systems. The inputs are isolated to minimize crosstalk and IM (intermodulation) between RF channels.
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MEGA-POLE® Series
MEGA-POLE™
The MEGA-POLE filter series covers the standard frequency bands within the 30 to 450 MHz range. This new filter series provides excellent selectivity while maintaining very low insertion loss. The product line also has exceptional RF power handling capability with a high third order intercept point. The MEGA-POLE filter series can be used for transmitter applications to reduce power amplifier noise, harmonics and intermodulation products, to provide bi-directional filtering directly at a transceiver’s antenna port, or other applications requiring extremely linear, high power RF bandpass filtering. It has been designed for rugged military environments per MIL-STD-810.
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Probes, Clamp-On
EM-6987 | 1 KHz – 110 MHz
The EM-6987 is capable of measuring signals and noise superimposed on power currents up to 300 A from DC to 400 Hz. Intermodulation effects on current probe output are also negligible.
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PXIe-5654, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator
784776-02
PXIe, 250 kHz to 20 GHz, PXI RF Analog Signal Generator - The PXIe-5654 features a combination of exceptional phase noise and frequency tuning time. These features address applications such as blocker test/receiver desensitization, high-performance intermodulation distortion measurements, and various electronic warfare applications. The PXIe-5654 is designed to meet the challenging requirements of RFIC characterization, satellite test, and radar applications. Some PXIe-5654 options include a PXIe-5696 Amplitude Extender Module. The PXIe-5696 supports a frequency range of 250 kHz to 20 GHz and an extended amplitude range up to 27 dBm.
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Spectrum Analyzers
GAOTek spectrum analyzers can monitor the levels of spurious signals, such as intermodulation products, noise, harmonics and other signals, to see whether they meet the required levels by displaying the frequency of the signals on the horizontal scale and the amplitude of signals on the vertical scale. GAOTek sells these spectrum analyzers to the United States, Canada and Globally.
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Low PIM Coaxial Switch, DC to 26.5 GHz, SP6T
87106R
Low passive intermodulation (PIM) is crucial for applications where two or more transmitted signals share a common antenna or whenever the transmitter signal is too high or the receiver is sensitive to high intermodulation. The Keysight 87106R is a low PIM SP6T coaxial switch, operating from DC to 26.5 GHz, which can help to keep the system PIM level low. A guaranteed 0.03 dB insertion loss repeatability and 3 million cycles of operating life ensures signal integrity, improves testing efficiency, and ultimately maximizes test throughput.
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Passive Intermodulation Analyzers
The current standard of PIM testing offers a well-known system of two primary carriers and a calculated PIM frequency, which is monitored via a spectrum analyzer. This provides a measurement of the overall linearity of the antenna system and the surrounding environment.
